The ARPA idea began with a man who was neither scientist nor soldier, but soap salesman. President Eisenhower saw ARPA fitting nicely into his strategy to stem the intense rivalries among branches of the military over research-and-development programs. The research agency was to be a fast-response mechanism closely tied to the president and secretary of defense, to ensure that Americans would never again be taken by surprise on the technological frontier. The agency had been formed by President Dwight Eisenhower in the period of national crisis following the Soviet launch of the first Sputnik satellite in October 1957. That there even existed an agency within the Pentagon capable of supporting what some might consider esoteric academic research was a tribute to the wisdom of ARPA’s earliest founders. In 1993 the first modern browser, Mosaic, was invented.In 1991 the NSF allowed commercial activity on the Net.
In 1990 the World Wide Web, a multimedia branch of the Internet, was created.In the early 1990s Internet usage finally went mainstream:.For a long time, this was the main use of the early Internet. The ARPANet got very little use until users discovered email in the late 1970s and early 1980s.Small teams establishing simple protocols with limited scope.Headers in message which contained nothing but the processing instructions.Clear between the host responsibilities and the network responsibilities.Separate network processors that sent/receive data between subnetworks.Subnetworks with small, identical nodes, all interconnected.Some key theoretical concepts proved critical:.He later founded the legendary Xerox PARC. Licklider’s successor, Bob Taylor, played a leading role in funding Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) to build a proof-of-concept.The idea of something like the Internet was conceived of by Joseph Licklider in 1960.The Internet started via funding from the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).It is mainly an historical narrative that focuses on the 1960s and early 70s, but it adds some lessons on how innovations occur.
My CommentsĪnyone who is interested in how the internet got started should read this book. If you would like to learn more about technology in history, read my book From Poverty to Progress: How Humans Invented Progress, and How We Can Keep It Going. The authors explain how the Internet was created, with special attention to ARPA and BBN (sometimes known as the first Internet company). If you enjoy this summary, please support the author by buying the book. Title: Where the Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet
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